deep learning

Welcome to the blog on Artificial Intelligence of
the European Society of Radiology

This blog aims at bringing educational and critical perspectives on AI to readers. It should help imaging professionals to learn and keep up to date with the technologies being developed in this rapidly evolving field.

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Latest posts

Knee landmarks detection via deep learning

A deep learning-based approach was developed and validated in this study which aimed to automatically measure the patellofemoral instability (PFI) indices related to patellar height and trochlear dysplasia in knee MRI scans. The authors included a total of 763 knee MRI slices from 95 patients, annotating 3,393 anatomical landmarks. The results indicated that the developed models achieved good accuracy in

Read More →

Deep Learning-based framework shown as a valuable tool to determine the composition of thyroid nodules

The authors of this retrospective multicenter study proposed a deep learning-based framework to identify the composition of thyroid nodules while also assessing their malignancy risk. Their research demonstrated that convolutional neural networks (CNNs) were able to assist in the diagnosis of thyroid nodules and reduce the rate of unnecessary fine-needle aspiration. Key points: Article: Deep learning to assist composition classification

Read More →

A deep learning framework for intracranial aneurysms automatic segmentation and detection on magnetic resonance T1 images

This study featured a design of a deep learning-based framework for the automatic segmentation of intracranial aneurysms (IAs) on MR T1 images while also testing the robustness and performance of the framework. The authors were able to conclude that their deep learning framework could effectively detect and segment IAs using clinical routine T1 sequences, which offers potential in improving the

Read More →

Complexities of deep learning-based undersampled MR image reconstruction

Recent advances in AI have led to deep learning-based MR undersampled image reconstruction methods showing more speed-ups compared to traditional algorithms. MR undersampling is an excellent way to reduce scan time but can negatively impact image quality. Our literature review aims to inform a broader audience about this complex topic. This highly multidisciplinary science requires the informed input of many

Read More →

Label-set impact on deep learning-based prostate segmentation on MRI

This study delves into a less-explored territory in automatic prostate segmentation: label-set selection. Recognizing the emphasis on dataset selection in segmentation model training, we thought it crucial to investigate the impact of the labels, i.e. the manual segmentations, on model performance. Although label sets are often considered the gold standard, as they are provided by highly trained professionals, disparities emerge

Read More →

External validation, radiological evaluation, and development of DL lung segmentation in chest CT

The authors of this study developed a 3D nnU-Net-based model for automatic lung segmentation in computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) imaging that was found to be highly accurate, clinically evaluated, and externally tested in patient cohorts with a spread of lung disease. Key points Article: External validation, radiological evaluation, and development of deep learning automatic lung segmentation in contrast-enhanced chest CT

Read More →

Deep learning–based identification of spine growth potential on EOS radiographs

In this study, the authors developed a deep learning-based algorithm, which is able to mimic human judgment, in order to help clinicians assess the potential of spine growth based on EOS radiographs. The outcome of the study showed that their deep learning method achieved comparable, and even superior, results compared to those of clinicians, which should have positive applications in

Read More →

Does deep learning improve the consistency and performance of radiologists in assessing bi-parametric prostate MRI?

Our study aimed to evaluate whether deep learning (DL) software could enhance the consistency and performance of radiologists in assessing bi-parametric prostate MRI scans. Intriguingly, our findings revealed that the DL software did not significantly improve the Prostate Imaging-Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) scoring consistency or the detection performance of clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa) among radiologists with varying levels

Read More →

Are deep models in radiomics performing better than generic models?

In radiomics, deep learning methods are increasingly used because they promise higher predictive performance than models based on generic, hand-crafted features. However, sample sizes in radiomics are often small, and it is known that the performance of deep learning models is often critically dependent on sample size. Therefore, it is unclear whether deep models can outperform generic models. In our

Read More →

A deep learning model using chest X-ray to identify TB and NTM-LD patients

The authors of this study aimed to evaluate whether artificial intelligence, specifically a deep neural network (DNN), was able to distinguish between tuberculosis (TB) or nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease (NTM-LD) patients through chest X-rays (CXRs) from suspected mycobacterial lung disease. A total of 1,500 CXRs from two hospitals were retrospectively collected and evaluated. They determined that the developed DNN model

Read More →

Knee landmarks detection via deep learning

A deep learning-based approach was developed and validated in this study which aimed to automatically measure the patellofemoral instability (PFI) indices related to patellar height and trochlear dysplasia in knee MRI scans. The authors included a total of 763 knee MRI slices from 95 patients, annotating 3,393 anatomical landmarks. The results indicated that the developed models achieved good accuracy in

Read More →

Deep Learning-based framework shown as a valuable tool to determine the composition of thyroid nodules

The authors of this retrospective multicenter study proposed a deep learning-based framework to identify the composition of thyroid nodules while also assessing their malignancy risk. Their research demonstrated that convolutional neural networks (CNNs) were able to assist in the diagnosis of thyroid nodules and reduce the rate of unnecessary fine-needle aspiration. Key points: Article: Deep learning to assist composition classification

Read More →

A deep learning framework for intracranial aneurysms automatic segmentation and detection on magnetic resonance T1 images

This study featured a design of a deep learning-based framework for the automatic segmentation of intracranial aneurysms (IAs) on MR T1 images while also testing the robustness and performance of the framework. The authors were able to conclude that their deep learning framework could effectively detect and segment IAs using clinical routine T1 sequences, which offers potential in improving the

Read More →

Complexities of deep learning-based undersampled MR image reconstruction

Recent advances in AI have led to deep learning-based MR undersampled image reconstruction methods showing more speed-ups compared to traditional algorithms. MR undersampling is an excellent way to reduce scan time but can negatively impact image quality. Our literature review aims to inform a broader audience about this complex topic. This highly multidisciplinary science requires the informed input of many

Read More →

Label-set impact on deep learning-based prostate segmentation on MRI

This study delves into a less-explored territory in automatic prostate segmentation: label-set selection. Recognizing the emphasis on dataset selection in segmentation model training, we thought it crucial to investigate the impact of the labels, i.e. the manual segmentations, on model performance. Although label sets are often considered the gold standard, as they are provided by highly trained professionals, disparities emerge

Read More →

External validation, radiological evaluation, and development of DL lung segmentation in chest CT

The authors of this study developed a 3D nnU-Net-based model for automatic lung segmentation in computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) imaging that was found to be highly accurate, clinically evaluated, and externally tested in patient cohorts with a spread of lung disease. Key points Article: External validation, radiological evaluation, and development of deep learning automatic lung segmentation in contrast-enhanced chest CT

Read More →

Deep learning–based identification of spine growth potential on EOS radiographs

In this study, the authors developed a deep learning-based algorithm, which is able to mimic human judgment, in order to help clinicians assess the potential of spine growth based on EOS radiographs. The outcome of the study showed that their deep learning method achieved comparable, and even superior, results compared to those of clinicians, which should have positive applications in

Read More →

Does deep learning improve the consistency and performance of radiologists in assessing bi-parametric prostate MRI?

Our study aimed to evaluate whether deep learning (DL) software could enhance the consistency and performance of radiologists in assessing bi-parametric prostate MRI scans. Intriguingly, our findings revealed that the DL software did not significantly improve the Prostate Imaging-Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) scoring consistency or the detection performance of clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa) among radiologists with varying levels

Read More →

Are deep models in radiomics performing better than generic models?

In radiomics, deep learning methods are increasingly used because they promise higher predictive performance than models based on generic, hand-crafted features. However, sample sizes in radiomics are often small, and it is known that the performance of deep learning models is often critically dependent on sample size. Therefore, it is unclear whether deep models can outperform generic models. In our

Read More →

A deep learning model using chest X-ray to identify TB and NTM-LD patients

The authors of this study aimed to evaluate whether artificial intelligence, specifically a deep neural network (DNN), was able to distinguish between tuberculosis (TB) or nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease (NTM-LD) patients through chest X-rays (CXRs) from suspected mycobacterial lung disease. A total of 1,500 CXRs from two hospitals were retrospectively collected and evaluated. They determined that the developed DNN model

Read More →

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